2017 Open House

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Chapter 1: The Development of Human Societies Outline

Chapter 1: The Development of Human Societies

I. The Paleolithic Age

                A. Discovering Prehistory

                                1. Geologic and Archaeological Time

                                                a. fossils

                                                b. artifacts

                                                c. archaeologists

                                2. Origins in Africa

                B. The Elements of Culture

                                1. What is culture?

                                                a. Culture is a way of life.

                                2. Why study culture?

                                                a. anthropologists

                C. Changing Environments

                                1. Finding new homes

                                                a. drought

                                                b. oasis

                                                c. migration

                                2. Adapting to new condition

                                                a. Technology

                D. Moving into new environments

                                1. Spread of early humans

                                                a. land bridge

                                2. In search of food

                                                b. megafauna

                E. Cave Art

                                1. Ancient artists

                                2. Glimpse into an early world

                                                a. Lascaux Cave

II. The Neolithic Age      

A. Nomadic Hunter-Gatherers

                                1. Moving with the seasons

                                                a. hunter-gatherer

                                                b. nomads

                                2. Following the herds

                B. The Beginnings of Domestication

                                1. Changing Climate

                                                a. domestication

                                2. Taming plants and animals

                C. The Agricultural Revolution

                                1. Fertile River Valleys

                                                a. agriculture

                                                b. Neolithic Age

                                                c. Fertile Crescent

                                                d. Fertile

                                2. New farm tools and methods

                D. Studying the Past

                                1. Scientific Data

                                2. Historical Sources

                                                a. primary source

                                                b. secondary sources

                                                c. oral history

Vocabulary Review

Vocabulary Review

1. Both fossils, the remains of living organisms, and artifacts, human-made objects, provide helpful clues to understanding our history.

2. Archaeologist digs up fossils and artifact at an early settlement, and an anthropologists is an archaeologist who studies these objects to understand the culture of the people who once lived there.

3. The songs and stories that make up the oral history of a group of people are an important part of the group’s culture.

4. An anthropologists is an archaeologists who studies culture.

5. To survive, hunter-gatherers lived as nomads, moving with the seasons to hunt herds of animals and gather fruits, nuts, roots, and seeds to eat.

6. During the Ice Age, land bridges formed that enabled the migration of Homo sapiens from one continent to another.

7. The rich nutrients in the fertile soil of the river valleys in the Fertile Crescent allowed people to practice agriculture, or the practice of growing plants and rearing animals for food.

8. Historians study primary sources, such as letters and tools, and secondary sources, such as biographies and history books, to understand and interpret historical events.

Chapter 1 The Development of Human Societies Key Vocabulary Words

1. fossils
2. artifacts
3. archaeologists
4. culture
5. anthropologists
6. drought
7. oasis
8. migration
9. technology
10. land bridges
11. Megafauna
12. Hunter-gatherer
13. nomads
14. domestication
15. agriculture
16. fertile
17. primary source
18. secondary source
19. oral history